CARTELS-1/Overview, Attributes
CARTELS SECTION
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1-Overview, Attributes
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2-Various Gangs
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2a La Familia-Zetas
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2b FARC
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3-How to Stop
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4-Female Gangs
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5-Tunnels (also Borders7)
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6-Pot Farms/houses
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7-New Mexico
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8-Books
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9-Links List
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See also:
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Cybercrime
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Retail Organized Crime
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Search and Seizure
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New Mexico Drugs
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Note from PF: As mentioned elsewhere, Police Factor is not an expert on police, gangs or cartels
START HERE This section is not in any way meant to be comprehensive, but covers a few key topics.
What is a gang?
Gangs and Cartels can be entirely different things, but they can also interconnect. Gangs are usually thought of as
smaller, more localized entities, or if larger, something with a name, like Bloods. If larger and more spread out, the
name can represent a leader, a racial faction or a type of belief system, approach or orientation, and can also
represent a region the group considers theirs. Some gangs have been around a long time, others are newer and
ephemeral. Many upstart gangs come and go. Some gangs started out as a counter-movements to governments.
One country’s gang might another group’s revolution to fight oppression. Gangs can be neighborhood cliques that
come together to fight other gangs or to protect their property and families from violence. There can be ethnic
reasoning and motives, like minorities against the USA.
The more violent gangs often have initiations through violence.; people might have to suffer through an ordeal of
group-based beatings or prove themselves loyal through thefts or even murder. Once in, people might have a hard
time getting out, as gang members might threaten them or someone they care about. There can be mind control and
intimidation through retaliation. What happens is that whether it is a gang or cartel, the United States has small to
larger tyrants running around, some the local bully, others like complex shadow governments.
Cartels are generally thought of as larger and with various high crime tendencies; they can be more systemic,
networked and organized. Gangs as smaller or more distinct entities might interconnect with large organized cartels;
groups might have started out as gangs and shifted to big player cartels.
It is likely what some refer to as gangs are in fact organized crime structures, and thus could also be called cartels.
Gangs that started in one area might grow and spread to other areas, but still retain certain criminal tendencies, while
others might expand into mafia-like antics. No two detectives or state police departments might think of these groups
quite the same way.
National Institute of Justice
2011/10/27 Gang Definitions
https //nij ojp gov/topics/articles/what-gang-definitions
There is no universally agreed-upon definition of "gang" in the United States. Gang, youth gang and street gang
are terms widely and often interchangeably used in mainstream coverage. Reference to gangs often implies
youth gangs. In some cases, youth gangs are distinguished from other types of gangs; how youth is defined may
vary as well. Motorcycle gangs, prison gangs, hate groups, adult organized crime groups, terrorist organizations
and other types of security threat groups are frequently but not always treated separately from gangs in both
practice and research
https //nij ojp gov/topics/articles/what-gang-definitions
Why people can be in a gang
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Think it is cool (there is a point beyond cool, but newbies might toy with being a “wannabe”)
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A sense of power
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Would-be gang - kind of an image thing without really doing it all the way, wear a few icons, wear clothes a certain way, have
a certain attitude
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Born into it
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Influenced by people in one’s life
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Forced into it, like kidnapping and abuse, mind control
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Intimidation, crime network surround (they’re everywhere)
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It’s a fight world, everybody’s fighting, feel like a person has to get in a group to have some protection against the other
gangs
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Culture, people are in gangs in this culture
Getting Out, Staying Out
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What are some things maybe tempting me to go back in?
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Domination/submission issues:
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Intimidation, harassment, stalking, threats to kill me or someone I care about
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Maybe loneliness: I miss my guy, my girl friend, my culture, my family, etc.
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Maybe adrenaline rushes; drugs
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I feel alienated by the witness protection protection culture (or something like that)
TERMS
Coyotes
Sfgate
2008/03/31 Mexican drug cartels move into human smuggling
Mexican traffickers force immigrants to act as 'mules' in bloody battle to control corridor. By David Francis
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Mexican-drug-cartels-move-into-human-smuggling-
3221740.php#:~:text=As%20U.S.%20border%20security%20has%20tightened%2C%20Mexican%20drug,the%20United
%20States.%20The%20traffickers%20now%20use%20their
Excerpt: As U.S. border security has tightened, Mexican drug cartels have moved in on coyotes, human smugglers who
are paid to bring illegal immigrants into the United States. The traffickers now use their expertise in gathering
intelligence on border patrols, logistics and communication devices to get around ever tighter controls. They are
slowly gaining control of much of the illegal passage of immigrants from Mexico to the United States, U.S. border
officials say…eanwhile, drug cartel coyotes from Texas to California are playing an increasingly sophisticated game of
cat-and-mouse, of surveillance and countersurveillance, with U.S. authorities, border agents say. When coyotes are
caught, violence against U.S. officials is becoming more common. Romero says that even though illegal immigration
and crime has decreased in the El Paso area, attacks on U.S. agents have increased by 150 percent.
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Mexican-drug-cartels-move-into-human-smuggling-
3221740.php#:~:text=As%20U.S.%20border%20security%20has%20tightened%2C%20Mexican%20drug,the%20United
%20States.%20The%20traffickers%20now%20use%20their
Rolling Stone
2021/06/14 In the Rio Grande Valley, human smuggling is overseen by a powerful crime syndicate, forcing the
migrants arriving in record numbers to put their lives in violent hands. By Seth Harp
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/border-crisis-2021-gulf-cartel-rio-grande-valley-1182608/
Mules
Sfgate
2008/03/31 Mexican drug cartels move into human smuggling
Mexican traffickers force immigrants to act as 'mules' in bloody battle to control corridor. By David Francis
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Mexican-drug-cartels-move-into-human-smuggling-
3221740.php#:~:text=As%20U.S.%20border%20security%20has%20tightened%2C%20Mexican%20drug,the%20United
%20States.%20The%20traffickers%20now%20use%20their
U.S. Border Patrol spokesman Special Agent Joe Romero and other law enforcement officials say the Mexican drug
cartels have even merged human smuggling with drug trafficking, forcing immigrants to act as "mules" in transporting
drugs as the price of passage.
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Mexican-drug-cartels-move-into-human-smuggling-
3221740.php#:~:text=As%20U.S.%20border%20security%20has%20tightened%2C%20Mexican%20drug,the%20United
%20States.%20The%20traffickers%20now%20use%20their
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
Approaches to study and respond to them most effectively
Also see Americans First
Key Concept
It’s in the family; it’s learned human behavior. Passed down from generation to generation. It is embedded in language, body
language, sign language, vocal intonation. What you see, what you hear. How you are treated, how people talk to you and others
around you. Habits in cussing, deriding women, making fun of people. Top dog ways - people beating each other out to become
the leader or dominant one.
Occult and Gangs
Police Mag dot com
2008/03 Criminal gangs and the occult
http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/03/criminal-gangs-and-the-occult.aspx
Religion and Gangs Hispanic, Latino and Mexican Catholic
Vice
2016/02/23 A Brief History of the Relationship Between Mexican Drug Cartels and the Catholic Church: Pope Francis
used a recent visit to urge Mexicans to steer clear of the temptations of drugs and illicit cash, but when it comes to
local cartels, the Catholic Church has its own questionable history to contend with. By Brian McManus
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wd79db/a-brief-history-of-the-relationship-between-mexican-drug-cartels-and-
the-catholic-church
Excerpt: Since Posadas's death, and in particular over the past decade or so, the church has exercised top-down
dealings with the cartels—condemning them in public, but, critics charge, colluding with drug criminals on the ground.
Pope Francis spoke to that fraught dynamic during his historic visit to Mexico last week. In a sermon in the Michoacán
state capital Morelia, which has been hit hard by cartel violence, he cautioned bishops, priests, nuns, and seminarians
against shirking away from the unique challenge posed by the cartels in their area. "What is the temptation that we
face in environments dominated by violence, corruption, drug trafficking, disrespect for personal dignity, and
indifference to suffering?" he asked, before answering his own question. "Resignation. Resignation terrifies us and
makes us barricade ourselves in our vestries." That alleged resignation has long plagued the Catholic Church in
Mexico, and though they weren't named directly by Francis, no discussion of the cartel-church relationship would be
complete without mention of "narco alms"—or blood money supposedly offered by cartels to help fund public works
and other church activities.
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wd79db/a-brief-history-of-the-relationship-between-mexican-drug-cartels-and-
the-catholic-church
LA Times
1999/05/08 Gangs and Their God. By Margaret Ramirez
http://articles.latimes.com/1999/may/08/local/me-35168
Many Latino gang members invoke the protection of Jesus or Mary in the form of tattoos and graffiti. Some observers
say the practice is a genuine attempt to connect with a spiritual heritage.
Department of Justice - Criminal Division - Organized Crime and Gang Section - Cases
https://www.justice.gov/criminal-ocgs/ocgs-press-room/2017
ARTICLES - List from everything on this page
*A*
*B*
Borderland Beat: Cartel Violence, Cash Infiltrating U.S. (05/2011)
http //www borderlandbeat com/2011/05/cartel-violence-cash-infiltrating-us html
Business Insider: Fast and Furious Guns Sinaloa Cartel (2012)
Tag-Sinaloa
http://www.businessinsider.com/fast-and-furious-guns-sinaloa-cartel-2012-8
*C*
University of Chicago: Irving Spergel Leading Scholar Gangs 1924-2010. By William Harms (12/08/2010)
https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2010/12/08/irving-spergel-leading-scholar-gangs-1924-2010
CNN:
On the border: Guns, drugs -- and a betrayal of trust. Cartels Columbus, New Mexico By Michael Martinez. (06/102012)
Tag Columbus, New Mexico
http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/10/us/cartels-columbus-new-mexico/
Whitey Bulger six surprising facts (09/17/2014)
http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/17/justice/whitey-bulger-six-things/index.html
CNS News: Effort Combat Drug Cartels Operating New Mexico Spurs Racial Profiling Complaints. By Susan Jones (07/12/2012)
http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/effort-combat-drug-cartels-operating-new-mexico-spurs-racial-profiling-complaints
D, E, F
The Daily Beast:
Jeremy Kryt
http://www.thedailybeast.com/author/jeremy-kryt
Fighting Mexico’s New Super Cartel. By Jeremy Kryt (03/26/2016)
The Jalisco New Generation Cartel is known for its hyper-aggressive, paramilitary tactics—now it’s bringing the terror to America’s
doorstep.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/author/jeremy-kryt
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/26/fighting-mexico-s-new-super-cartel.html
Cartel Watch - Why the Military Will Never Beat Mexico's Cartels. By Jeremy Kryt (04/02/2016)
As the murder rate in Mexico rises yet again, it’s time to admit current policies aren’t working—and start looking for new solutions.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/02/will-mexico-s-surreal-drug-war-ever-end
DEA dot gov: Synthetic Drugs
Excerpt: (2012) more than five million packets of finished designer synthetic drugs were seized across the country in the first-ever
nationwide law enforcement action against the synthetic designer drug industry responsible for the production and sale of
synthetic drugs that are often marketed as bath salts, Spice, incense, or plant food
https://www.dea.gov/divisions/elp/2012/elpaso073012p.html
FBI: Organized Crime: History of La Cosa Nostra
https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/organized-crime/history-of-la-cosa-nostra
G-K
The Gray Zone
2021/05/06 US Special Forces trained Mexican drug cartels linked to decapitation, torture, rape
ZACH EL PARECE·MAY 6, 2021
https://thegrayzone.com/2021/05/06/us-special-forces-mexican-drug-cartels/
Huffington Post:
7 Things to Know About La Santa Muerte. By Latina Magazine (10/26/2015 05:30 pm ET | Updated Oct 25, 2016)
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/latina-magazine/7-things-to-know-about-la_b_8385476.html
Meet The Man Who Runs The Sinaloa Cartel... With Or Without ‘El Chapo’; Unlike “El Chapo,” Ismael “El Mayo” Zambada hasn’t spent
years in prison. By Roque Planas (01/21/2016)
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ismael-el-mayo-zambada-sinaloa_us_56a0becce4b0404eb8f05313
Insight Crime: Corrupt Mexico police concentrated in ten [Mexican] states
http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/corrupt-mexico-police-concentrated-in-ten-states
KTVA:
(2019/07/11) How Alaska residents help the Sinaloa cartel smuggle drugs north
https://www.ktva.com/story/40768037/how-alaska-residents-help-the-sinaloa-cartel-smuggle-drugs-north
Excerpt: She was stopped at a border patrol checkpoint north of Nogales, where she was found to have 200 grams of cocaine on her
person. The woman is identified as "Female Individual 2" in a federal court document that was sealed on Tuesday, after being
accessible to the public for months. The document is a warrant filed by a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agent
investigating the trafficking of drugs to Alaska. Female Individual 2 was carrying roughly $20,000 worth of cocaine, according to a
street value estimate from the Anchorage Police Department.She represents a small piece of a puzzle that is largely kept secret: The
inner workings of the Sinaloa Cartel, a Transnational Criminal Organization (TCO) based in Sonora, Mexico.
L, M, N
Judith Miller: Mexicanization American Law Enforcement
http://www.judithmiller.com/6482/mexicanization-american-law-enforcement
LA Times:
ATF Fast Furious
http://www.latimes.com/nation/atf-fast-furious-sg-storygallery.html
ATF Guns
http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-atf-guns-20111009-story.html#axzz2qP3R9IU4
U.S. warns citizens about traveling to Mexico's Cancun and Los Cabos as violence surges. By Kate Linthicum (08/22/2017)
http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-mexico-cancun-warning-20170822-story.html
LAPD authors: Dunn
http://www.lapdauthors.com/dunn.html
MSN: Fighting MS 13 Officials Detail Best Ways to Combat the Violent Gang. By Kaitlyn Schallhorn (08/02/2017)
http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/fighting-ms-13-officials-detail-best-ways-to-combat-the-violent-gang/ar-
AApjepI?li=BBmkt5R&ocid=spartandhp
National Review: Fast Furious = Obamas First Scandal. By Ian Tuttle (01/21/2016)
http://www.nationalreview.com/article/430153/fast-furious-obamas-first-scandal
NPR: Prison gang reach increasingly extends into streets (2013)
http://www.npr.org/2013/04/02/176035798/experts-prison-gang-reach-increasingly-extends-into-streets
O, P, Q, R
Police Mag:Criminal Gangs and the Occult
http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/03/criminal-gangs-and-the-occult.aspx
Of all the criminal groups that I have worked over the more than three decades in law enforcement, the most credible attempts on
my life have come from these occult true believers.Be aware of these trends and beliefs. Gang members who take the occult
seriously can be truly dangerous.
http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/03/criminal-gangs-and-the-occult.aspx
Rolling Stones
2018/04/18 Mexican drug lords have transformed the narcotics trade in America — and the DEA appears powerless to stop them.
By Guy Lawson
This article appeared in the September 17, 2009 issue of Rolling Stone
https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/how-the-cartels-work-245912/
The current crop of Mexican drug lords is not a bunch of Scarface-style lunatics high on coke and hellbent on violence. Instead, they
are highly sophisticated executives, pursuing profit by the cheapest and most efficient means possible.Torturing rivals and
beheading victims serves a purpose in Mexico, where drug-related violence has killed 12,000 people in the past three years;
narcotraficantes routinely use brutality to subdue competitors, eliminate witnesses and frighten off police recruits. But north of the
border, the drug lords are as corporate and hyperorganized as Walmart, replacing the top-down approach of their Colombian
predecessors with a new business model — one that outsources the street-level grunt work to an army of illegal immigrants. With
business booming — prices are steady and demand remains high — unleashing a Mexican-style rampage in this country would only
risk riling up U.S. law enforcement. The Mexican cartels aren’t fighting the War on Drugs in the United States for a very simple
reason: They’ve already won.
https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/how-the-cartels-work-245912/
S, T, U
Slate: “A Unique Death Cult” How the Romanian Iron Guard blended nationalistic violence with Christian martyrdom to spread a
singularly morbid fascist movement. By Stanley G. Payne (02/21/2017)
See photo in article with heading: Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and members of the Legion of the Archangel Michael (also known as the
Iron Guard) in Bucharest, Romania, in 1937.
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fascism/2017/02/romania_s_unusually_morbid_fascist_movement_blended_nation
alistic_violence.html
Note: although this entry is not actually “cartel” material, since it connected to the 1930s, I feel there is applicability to current
times in those cases where there is a mix of religiosity and governmental control systems.
Tech Dirt: DEA loses big drug case thanks to illegal wiretap warrants prosecutor calls procedural errors
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20151214/08492533071/dea-loses-big-drug-case-thanks-to-illegal-wiretap-warrants-prosecutor-
calls-procedural-errors.shtml
UCLA, Newsroom: Jorja Leap Jumped In book (03/08/2012)
http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/jorja-leap-jumped-in-book-230195
V, W, X, Y, Z
Vice
Mexico’s efforts to tackle police corruption are failing. By Paul Imison. (03/21/2016)
https://news.vice.com/article/mexicos-efforts-to-tackle-police-corruption-are-failing
The Mexican-Mormon War Part I (video clip)
https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/the-mexican-mormon-war-part-1
Washington Post
House Democrats say Phoenix ATF to blame in fast and furious. By Sari Horwitz (01/31/2012)
Excerpt: Federal agents based in Phoenix, not officials at Justice Department headquarters in Washington, were responsible for the
controversial tactics used in the gun operation known as “Fast and Furious,” Democrats on the House Oversight and Government
Reform Committee said in a report released Tuesday.
A year after it became known that the operation relied on a tactic known as gun walking, the 89-page report called Fast and Furious
“reckless and fatally flawed.” It puts the blame squarely on the Phoenix office of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and
Explosives. It also concludes that the strategy began as early as 2006.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/house-democrats-say-phoenix-atf-to-blame-in-fast-and-furious-
fiasco/2012/01/31/gIQAUQ9HfQ_story.html?utm_term=.92b235cb8ae8
In Mexico’s Nueva Laredo, Drug Cartels dictate media coverage. By William Booth (08/01/2010)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/01/AR2010080103481.html
Excerpt: Two weeks ago, Mexican soldiers clashed here with drug cartel gangsters in running gun battles that lasted five hours. The
outlaws hijacked vehicles, including a bus, for use as barricades and battering rams. Terrified residents scrambled for safety. At
least a dozen people were killed, including bystanders. Children were wounded in the crossfire. Not a single word about it
appeared in the local news media. Nuevo Laredo has three television news channels, four daily newspapers and at least five radio
stations that broadcast news, but every outlet ignored the biggest story of the year. Nuevo Laredo is not an isolated village but the
busiest city along the U.S.-Mexico border, a vital U.S. trade partner with a population of 360,000, professional sports teams,
universities and an international airport. Fearing for their lives and the safety of their families, journalists are adhering to a near-
complete news blackout, under strict orders of drug smuggling organizations and their enforcers, who dictate -- via daily telephone
calls, e-mails and news releases -- what can and cannot be printed or aired. "We are under their complete control," said a veteran
reporter, who spoke on the condition of anonymity. Editors and managers of news organizations who agreed to speak with The
Washington Post insisted that the interviews take place away from their offices, at back tables in empty bars. "The cartels have
eyes and ears inside our company," one editor said.
Wikipedia
Smuggling Tunnels - See Smuggling Tunnels below
conjunction with R&R full-time personnel are recruited from Puerto Rico. Taking people with English as a second language, for the
missile defense of the hemisphere, from a tropical environment to a sub-arctic environment. There are no recruiting projects to get
personnel from any other state. Puerto Rico is the Drug Cartel Connection to the GMD. x The push to recruit from Puerto Rico did
not start until Katkus became the AKARNG commander and directed it to happen. x Drugs are flown in from Puerto Rico to the FT
Greely airstrip and dropped off without having to go through any type of inspection. Private planes and visitors pick up packages
and take them away. Greely personnel stand guard while the transactions take place. x In October of 2010 the largest FBI raid in
history was done in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican Military, Police, Prison Guards, and National Guard personnel were arrested as part
of a Colombian Cartel.
http://cryptome.org/2012/12/ng-alaska-blaylock.pdf
On January 30, US Immigrations and Customs Enforcement agents arrested a Mexican citizen who was linked to the tunnel via the
US warehouse, operated by V&F Distributors LLC. On the Friday before, January 27, immigration authorities reportedly received
information that the Mexican cartel behind the operation was threatening the lives of any agents involved with the construction or
occupation of the tunnel. US Customs and Immigration, however, pledged to protect them as best they could. Authorities believe
Tijuana's Arellano-Felix drug syndicate, or some other well-known drug cartel, was behind the building and operation of the
tunnel.[8]
On November 26, 2010, a 2,600-foot (790 m) tunnel was discovered linking Tijuana to Otay Mesa, San Diego, California.[9] In the
same month another tunnel was discovered between these two cities. Both tunnels were discovered by a San Diego task force and
are believed to be the work of Mexico's Sinaloa cartel. Over 40 short tons (36,000 kg) of cannabis was found and confiscated
between the two.[10]
An analysis of US-Mexico smuggling tunnels, the US-Canada smuggling tunnel, and the smuggling tunnels in Rafah, Gaza Strip, was
completed by Lichtenwald and Perri as part of a transnational analysis of smuggling tunnels.[11][12] Lichtenwald and Perri outlined
sources and methods for evaluating which tunnels are used by different populations in various parts of the world to smuggle
contraband that does not threaten a nation’s security, which tunnels that smuggle contraband that does threaten a nation’s
security, and hybrid tunnels that smuggle contraband that threaten a nation’s security as well as that which does not.
In December 2012, a tunnel 3 feet in diameter and 100 yards long, with electricity and ventilation, was found near the Nogales,
Arizona, port of entry.[13] Since 1990, there have been almost 170 tunnels found leading into Mexico, mostly in Arizona and
California.[14] On February 14, 2014 another underground drug tunnel was discovered in Nogales.
The tunnel spanned 481 feet (147 m), or longer than 1.5 American football fields. The tunnel was being used to smuggle marijuana
and other drugs into the US. Another 590 pounds (270 kg) of marijuana was seized after federal agents stopped a vehicle they saw
driving away from the residence. Some 46 pounds (21 kg) of marijuana and 0.5 pounds (0.23 kg) of heroin were found inside the
tunnel. Three people have been arrested in connection with the bust.[15]
On March 19th, 2020, a tunnel connecting Tijuana to San Diego was discovered by the San Diego Tunnel Task Force. The tunnel
extended 2,000 feet (610 m) and was outfitted with an underground rail system, ventilation and lighting. Over 1,300 pounds (590
kilograms) of cocaine, 86 pounds (39 kilograms) of methamphetamine, 17 pounds (7.7 kilograms) of heroin, 3,000 pounds (1,360
kilograms) of marijuana and 2 pounds (0.9 kilograms) of fentanyl were seized.[16]
List of References from Wikipedia on Smuggling Tunnels, includes non-USA tunnels.
References
Grieshaber, Kirsten (2019-11-07). "Escape tunnel underneath Berlin Wall opens to public". Associated Press. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
"Slovaks find railway smuggling tunnel to Ukraine". Reuters. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
"Hiding places where smugglers concealed contraband". Smuggling.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
Salkeld, Luke (27 February 2008). "Builders unearth 200-year-old smuggling network in Cornish pub | Daily Mail Online". Daily Mail.
Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Ken MacQueen (2 November 2005). "B.C.'s tunnel busters". Macleans.ca. Archived from the original on 2010-12-06.
"Chapter 6: Washington State". United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border. The Center for Land Use Interpretation.
Winter 2015.
Cross-Border Tunnels and Border Tunnel Prevention: Fiscal Year 2015 Report to Congress (Report). United States Department of
Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 2016. p. 6. Retrieved 22 December 2018. As of September 30, 2015, 183
illicit cross-border tunnels have been discovered in the United States since Fiscal Year 1990
"Drug haul in secret border tunnel". BBC News. 27 January 2006.
"Second Mexico-US drug tunnel found in Tijuana". BBC News. 26 November 2010.
"Mexico's army finds drug tunnel to Arizona". GlobalPost. 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
Lichtenwald, Terrance G.; Perri, Frank S. (Spring 2011). "Smuggling Tunnels:The Need for a Transnational Analysis". Inside
Homeland Security. 9 (1).
Lichtenwald, Terrance G.; Perri, Frank S. (2013). "Terrorist Use of Smuggling Tunnels". International Journal of Criminology and
Sociology. 2.
"Mexican Authorities Find Smuggling Tunnel Equipped With Electricity Near Border". KILT (AM). Associated Press. 28 December
2012. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
Billeaud (14 January 2014). "How tunnels are built, used along U.S.-Mexico border". KPBS. Nogales, Arizona. Associated Press.
Retrieved 4 April 2014.
"Largest-ever drug tunnel in Nogales found". azcentral.com. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
"US finds major cross-border tunnel used to smuggle drugs". AP NEWS. 2020-03-31. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
https //en wikipedia
org/wiki/Smuggling_tunnel#:~:text=As%20of%20September%2030%2C%202015,US%20Border%20Patrol%20task%20force.
Updates: 2020/06/02 more additions and reorganization/shuffling; pages 1-5 were incorporated into Cartels/Gangs section; 2020/06/01 brief def of gang added to start
here; Smuggling Tunnels section added; 2020/05/03 added Time/Opioid Crisis, Project Python-2020 as well as video of Coast Guard/Narcoterror-2019 to START HERE;
2019/12/20added the gomez/marine/chicago-new york/puerto rico-dominican republic drug thing in Alaska-Puerto Rico section; 2019/10/26-27 La Familia added; Puerto
Rico added. 2019/07/22 SNM section added with Justice dot com-2015/12/04 article on it added; some overall editing, organizational changes incl. moving search and
seizure to its own page. 2019/06/14 cartel section moved from River GOLD (rivergold.net) to Police Factor. 2019/01/01 Org. Retail Crime-Albq Jrnl-2017/11/02;
(05/29/2018 Gangs & Religion-Catholic/LA Times Gangs & Their God; 08/04/2017 New Mexican Mafia corrections/az; 08/02/2017 MSN on MS-13; 07/01/2017; 06/30/2017;
05/28/2017; 05/21/2017; 05/20/2017; 03/17/2017
Cartels-1 Gangs and Cartels: Overview, Attributes
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Start Here:
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What is a Gang?
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Why People Can Be in a Gang
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Getting Out, Staying Out
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Terms
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Coyotes
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Mules
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Sicario - Assassin
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See Stash/Drop Houses - Drugs, Humans
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Articles
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Links List - Cartels-7 Links List
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Cultural Contexts Behind Cartels:
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Occult
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Religion
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Other:
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Department of Justice-Organized Crime Cases
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The Puerto Rico connection in Alaska
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US Special Forces teaching Cartels like C and Z in Mexico? See Articles Grayzone
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Plan Mérida: The Special Forces training has been funded under the Plan Mérida,
which has resulted in the U.S. providing more than $1.6 billion for fighting the
War on Drugs, most of it in military aid. (Grayzone-2021/05/06)