MIL/Middle East • Iraq (Earlier-Study) o 1a Terminology o 1b Operations o etc… • Afghanistan • Road Bombs • See also o Islam o Port Authority o Labs ▪ Los Alamos Labs ▪ Sandia Labs ▪ Lockheed o Honeywell

LINKS LIST https://counteriedreport.com/army-researcher-invents-detector-for-non-metallic-bombs/ https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st_detect_and_defeat_vbied.pdf https://freerepublic.com/focus/news/1132715/posts https://freshairarchive.org/segments/us-military-searches-device-stop-ieds https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m58-miclic.htm https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2015/07/14/iran-linked-to-deaths-of-500-u-s-troops-in- iraq-afghanistan https://www.officer.com/tactical/article/10250461/cell-phone-bombs Wikipedia- https colon//en dot wikipedia dot org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device https colon//en dot wikipedia dot org/wiki/Car_bomb https://www.wired.com/2012/11/non-metallic-bomb-detector/ ARTICLES Counter-IED Report 2019/04/10 Army researcher invents detector for non-metallic bombs https://counteriedreport.com/army-researcher-invents-detector-for-non-metallic-bombs/ Excerpt: An Army research physicist has invented a “High-Frequency Electromagnetic Induction instrument,” which detects low and non-metallic improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Dr. Benjamin Barrowes, from the U.S. Army’s Engineer Research and Development Center’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, invented the novel detector for finding non-metallic, unexploded shells made of carbon fiber that had been fired on U.S. military ranges. The invention was patented in 2018. (Download the patent PDF below.) “Carbon fiber is more conducting than the ground but less conducting than metal. Thinking about what actually happens when we bring these frequencies close to metal, I realized that the electrons in less conducting targets needed to be pushed harder in order to respond like they do in metals, because it is difficult for electrons to move in less conducting targets, kind of like moving your hand through water as opposed to moving your hand through the air… …The high-frequency electromagnetic induction sensor bridges the gap between these two sensing modalities and enables a handheld sensor to find very thin metallic objects like wires, less conducting targets like carbon rods from D cell batteries, and voids in the soil that could indicate a nonconductive IED, such as an ammonium nitrate fuel oil IED. “When the current handheld sensor incorporates higher frequency electromagnetic induction into the system, it will be better able to distinguish typical IED targets. The false alarm rate will go down, and the positive ID rate will go up, saving soldiers’ lives,” Barrowes said. DHS dot gov 2009/05/04 CRITICAL RESEARCH/INNOVATION FOCUS AREA DOCUMENT; Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIED) Detection Counter Improvised Explosive Devices (C-IED) ; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate. By Dr. Ruth Doherty https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st_detect_and_defeat_vbied.pdf Free Republic dot com 2004/05/07-10 Marines test 'blooper' against roadside bomb threat https://freerepublic.com/focus/news/1132715/posts Excerpt: Marines with Headquarters Battalion, 1st Marine Division tested M-79 grenade launchers as a possible answer to neutralizing improvised explosive devices. The "bloopers," named for the "bloop" the weapon makes when fired, might be the low-technology response Marines need to counter one of the deadliest threat in Iraq. "The idea for countering the IEDs has been around, but the problem has been coming up with the correct system," said CWO 4 Charles F. Colleton, gunner for 1st Marine Division. "Using a weapon system to detonate mines has been around. We're just finding out if this works." Most IED countermeasures have been high-technology answers. Electronic jammers sending out radio waves to either detonate or block signals have been used. Still, not all IEDs are detonated with wireless radio-wave devices. Some are hard-wired. The M-79 "blooper" gun might be just the answer to allowing the Marines the stand-off distance they need to eliminate the threat and keep roads open for convoys. Fresh Air Archive dot org 2011/06/29 U.S. Military Searches For A Device To Stop IEDs https://freshairarchive.org/segments/us-military-searches-device-stop-ieds Excerpt: One of the most common dangers to American troops in Iraq and Afghanistan has been homemade remote-controlled bombs. Wired national security writer Noah Shachtman details the ongoing effort to create a device that could stop IEDs before they strike. Military Times 2015/07/14 Iran linked to deaths of 500 US Troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. By Andre DeGrandpre and Andrew Tilghman https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2015/07/14/iran-linked-to-deaths-of-500-u-s- troops-in-iraq-afghanistan Names of Import in this article: Senator Tom Cotton (Army), Republican from Arkansas, and an Army veteran Infantry Iraq and Afghanistan; Joseph Dunford (Marines) Marine Corps General who [was] Obama's nominee to be chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; David "Bo" Bolgiano (Army), a retired Army Special Forces officer who deployed to Iraq in 2006 and 2007 with the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization; Gen. Lloyd Austin (Army) a top US commander in the Middle East EFP’s-Excerpt: "The big EFPs from Iran were fairly easy to identify because of the metallurgy involved and the copper plate formation," he said. "We had beyond-a-reasonable-doubt proof that Iran was the main supplier of the copper-plate EFPs," said Bolgiano. Troops referred to them as "IEDs," but that's not completely accurate, Bolgiano said. "Improvised is a little bit misleading because it makes it sound like a basement bomb-maker, and that was not the case. The shaped charges, the copper plates, the components were anything but unsophisticated. They were designed and at the level anything that any other non-Western government would have," Bolgiano said. Photo of EFP damage of Humvee: Picture of bombed/back end destroyed/burning/smoking Humvee: “A U.S. military vehicle burns near Samarra, 95 kilometers (60 miles) north of Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, April 18, 2007. A roadside bomb went off next to an American military convoy, damaging one Humvee, local police said. Eyewitnesses reported casualties among U.S. troops https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2015/07/14/iran-linked-to-deaths-of-500-u-s- troops-in-iraq-afghanistan/ Officerdot com 2006/12/12 Cell Phone Bombs: How law enforcement can (and can't) prevent them. https://www.officer.com/tactical/article/10250461/cell-phone-bombs Wikipedia IEDs: An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. ... In the second Iraq War, IEDs were used extensively against US-led invasion forces and by the end of 2007 they had become responsible for approximately 63% of coalition deaths in Iraq. There is quite a bit on the Wikipedia page listed below. Animals, robots, boats, anti-personnel (ie shrapnel that scatters like a bb gun spray, etc), biochemical aspects. (Wikipedia-https colon//en dot wikipedia dot org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device) VBIEDs: These are IEDs on vehicles: Excerpt from Wikipedia: A car bomb , lorry bomb , or truck bomb , also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device ( VBIED ), [1] is an improvised explosive device placed inside a car or other vehicle and then detonated . Car bombs can be roughly divided into two main categories: those used primarily to kill the occupants of the vehicle (often as an assassination) and those used as a means to kill, injure or damage people and buildings outside the vehicle. Triggering/Detonating IEDs are triggered by various methods, including remote control, infrared or magnetic triggers, pressure- sensitive bars or trip wires (victim-operated). In some cases, multiple IEDs are wired together in a daisy chain to attack a convoy of vehicles spread out along a roadway. Improvised explosive device - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device Wired 2012/11/5 Marines Look for New Ways to Spot Wood and Fertilizer Bombs https://www.wired.com/2012/11/non-metallic-bomb-detector/ Excerpt: Finding a roadside bomb was never easy, even back when insurgents made their improvised explosive devices from old artillery shells and other metal parts. But now that militant bomb-makers favor wood and fertilizer as their bomb components, detection has become a complete nightmare. TERMINOLOGY (see Articles for excerpts) EFP’s Explosively formed Penetrator, Explosively Formed Projectile a self-forging warhead, or a self-forging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively (Wikipedia/Explosively Formed Penetrator) Military Times 2015/07/14 Iran linked to deaths of 500 US Troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. By Andre DeGrandpre and Andrew Tilghman https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2015/07/14/iran-linked-to-deaths-of-500-u-s- troops-in-iraq-afghanistan IEDs Improvised Explosive Device Wikipedia IEDs: https colon//en dot wikipedia dot org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device VBIED These are IEDs on vehicles https colon//en dot wikipedia dot org/wiki/Car_bomb COUNTERING ROAD BOMBS, DETECTION (see Articles for excerpts) See also: Triggering Road Bombs Counter-IED Report 2019/04/10 Army researcher invents detector for non-metallic bombs https://counteriedreport.com/army-researcher-invents-detector-for-non-metallic-bombs/ DHS dot gov 2009/05/04 CRITICAL RESEARCH/INNOVATION FOCUS AREA DOCUMENT; Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIED) Detection Counter Improvised Explosive Devices (C-IED) ; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate. By Dr. Ruth Doherty https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st_detect_and_defeat_vbied.pdf Free Republic dot com 2004/05/07-10 Marines test 'blooper' against roadside bomb threat https://freerepublic.com/focus/news/1132715/posts Fresh Air Archive dot org 2011/06/29 U.S. Military Searches For A Device To Stop IEDs https://freshairarchive.org/segments/us-military-searches-device-stop-ieds Wired 2012/11/5 Marines Look for New Ways to Spot Wood and Fertilizer Bombs https://www.wired.com/2012/11/non-metallic-bomb-detector/ VBIED Detection DHS 2009 https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/st_detect_and_defeat_vbied.pdf DETONATING ROAD BOMBS (see Articles for excerpts) IEDs are triggered by various methods. Officerdot com 2006/12/12 Cell Phone Bombs How law enforcement can (and can't) prevent them. https://www.officer.com/tactical/article/10250461/cell-phone-bombs Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device Updates: 2022/08/04 Terminology moved from Iraq 1a/Terminology-IEDs, VBIEDs, EFPs; 2022/08/03--PAGE STARTED-Road Bombs;

PF Note: The problem-in-road, side of road, numerous lives lost, even more seriously injured • Links • Articles • Terminology, Definitions o IEDs o VBIEDs) o EFPs • Countering Road Bombs • Detonating Road Bombs